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71.
本文通过构建包含房产税的动态随机一般均衡(DSGE)框架,兼顾居民用房与商业用房,模拟分析房产税改革对主要宏观经济变量的影响。研究结果表明:(1)提高居民用房房产税税率对总消费、投资、房价和总产出等变量的均衡值和波动均以负面影响为主,但会降低社会福利损失;(2)降低商业用房房产税税率对总消费、投资、房价和总产出等变量的均衡值和波动均以正面影响为主,但会提高社会福利损失;(3)提高居民用房房产税税率与降低商业用房房产税税率同时实施时,不仅能够对冲居民用房房产税改革对宏观经济的负面影响,尤其是能够有效对冲改革对投资和总产出的负面影响,还会降低社会福利损失。因此,中国下一步试点改革应当重点关注组合式改革方案。  相似文献   
72.
Sustainability Northwest (SNW) is a fictional not‐for‐profit organization (NPO) that seeks to develop thought leaders for a sustainable future. This instructional case allows professors to assign students with up to six different roles, including SNW's chair of the board, executive director, volunteer treasurer, and the external auditor. Unique learning objectives include (i) the application of the CPA Canada Handbook, Accounting—Part III to prepare an NPO's financial statements using fund accounting, (ii) the development of recommendations to improve an NPO's board of directors, (iii) the analysis of system flow documents to identify control weaknesses, and (iv) the preparation of an audit planning memo. Instructors can use this case in several milieus. First, professors can foster a student's ability to integrate technical knowledge by (i) assigning students all six roles in a capstone course to promote integration within an individual course or (ii) assigning multiple roles across multiple courses to promote integration across a program of studies. Second, instructors can focus on a particular technical skill by assigning specific roles. This case is ideal for senior‐level undergraduate students or graduate students.  相似文献   
73.
Poor bank governance has disastrous consequences for economies as the 2007–2009 financial crisis has shown. In the aftermath, board diversity is identified as an effective mechanism to enhance bank governance. Diversity, creating cognitive conflict between board members, is expected to enhance board's independence of thought to better perform monitoring and advising functions. Age is a key demographic measure and age dissimilarity between the chair and the CEO in non-financial firms leads to better economic outcomes (Goergen, Limbach, & Scholz, 2015). In this paper, we examine whether chair-CEO age dissimilarity can mitigate banks' excessive risk-taking behaviour. Using a unique sample of 100 listed banks in Europe between 2005 and 2014, we find that age difference between the chair and the CEO reduces bank risk-taking. A chair-CEO generational gap –defined as a minimum of 20 years' age difference– has a larger impact in reducing risk-taking.  相似文献   
74.
Differences in accrued gains and investors’ tax-sensitivity induce variation in a capital gains lock-in effect across mutual funds even for the same stock at the same time. Exploiting this variation, we show this effect influences funds’ governance decisions: higher capital gains decrease the likelihood a fund exits prior to contentious votes and increase the likelihood a fund votes against management. Consistent with tax motivation, these findings are concentrated among funds with tax-sensitive investors. Further, high aggregate capital gains across funds holding a stock predict a higher likelihood management loses a vote and a lower likelihood a contentious vote is proposed.  相似文献   
75.
This study explores the impact of governance and institutions on inbound tourism demand in Malaysia using a dynamic panel data approach for 45 tourism source countries over the period 2005–2015. The results show that institutions play a very important role in explaining the behaviour of inbound tourism demand. To obtain a better picture, we investigate the response of international tourists to disaggregated institutional quality. We find that international tourists are more concerned about political stability, governmental effectiveness, regulations, laws, and corruption than voice and accountability. Therefore, policymakers should focus on ways to improve institutional quality to significantly increase international tourist arrivals.  相似文献   
76.
中国耕地资源利用的碳排放时空特征及脱钩效应研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
研究目的:揭示中国耕地资源利用的碳排放时空分异规律及其与农业经济增长之间的脱钩关系,以期为中国耕地资源低碳化利用政策的制定和推行提供参考。研究方法:IPCC碳排系数法,TAPIO脱钩分析法。研究结果:(1)中国耕地资源利用的碳排放整体上呈现增长趋势,但2010年后增速趋于下降并于2016年开始转入负增长,省际差异不断扩大的同时区域间差异趋于缩小;(2)中国耕地资源利用的碳排放强度总体上处于下降态势,省际和区域间碳排放强度的差异总体上趋于缩小;(3)中国耕地资源利用的不同碳排放源的碳排放量及增速呈现不同的时序波动特征,同时存在明显的地域差异性,其中,化肥是最主要碳排放源;(4)中国2000—2012年耕地资源利用的碳排放与农业经济增长之间呈现以"弱脱钩"为主,但2013—2017年不同省域的脱钩类型及脱钩程度趋于差异化。研究结论:中国耕地资源利用碳排放的时空分异性显著,且与农业经济增长之间不同阶段和不同省域呈现不同脱钩类型,需突出减排重点、实施差异化策略及注重绿色发展等多途径推进耕地资源低碳化利用,提高政策的精准性。  相似文献   
77.
为了探究创新驱动产业转型升级的作用机制,构建了创新投入与创新产出对产业转型升级内涵质量与外显效应的影响模型,并提出研究假设。基于中国1998-2016年省域面板数据,借助Eviews 9.0计量软件,采用固定效应模型进行实证研究。结果表明,所提出的研究假设均得到验证。创新产出对产业转型升级内涵质量具有积极影响,创新产出的各表征变量(专利授权数、技术市场合同成交金额、新产品销售收入)每增长1%,产业转型升级内涵质量的表征变量人均国内生产总值将提高0.014 8%~0.051 1%。创新投入对产业转型升级外显效应具有积极影响,创新投入的各表征变量(R&D经费内部支出、R&D人员全时当量)每增加1%,产业转型升级外显效应的表征变量产业结构层次系数将提高0.007 1%~0.010 5%。因此,创新能够驱动产业转型升级,但创新投入与创新产出对产业转型升级的影响机制并不相同。研究结果为创新驱动产业转型升级问题的研究提供了一个新的研究范式,对实施创新驱动发展战略、促进产业转型升级有借鉴意义。  相似文献   
78.
本文用DEA—Malmquist指数法测算了全要素生产率指数,结合2006—2016年中国内地省际面板数据,基于全要素生产率视角,运用中介效应模型实证分析了包容性金融发展对农村居民贫困的影响。实证结果表明:(1)包容性金融发展能够通过全要素生产率的中介效应发挥减贫作用。(2)进一步的研究发现,包容性金融服务渗透度的提升对贫困的影响最为显著;同时,包容性金融发展可通过技术进步和效率提升作用来推动全要素生产率增长,进一步作用于贫困。(3)稳健性检验表明,我国东部与中西部地区包容性金融发展水平差异较大,对全要素生产率的提升乃至农村减贫的贡献表现出较大不平衡性。本文的政策建议为:首先,应持续推进包容性金融发展,充分发挥全要素生产率的中介效应,以更快实现2020年全面脱贫目标;其次,要继续加强农村金融基础设施建设,以实现金融 服务均等性,充分发挥金融减贫的优势;最后,要合理配置金融资源,注重地区间发展的公平性,以实现经济社会均衡发展。  相似文献   
79.
Payments for ecosystem services (PES) are environmental management tools that enable corporations to simultaneously enhance their environmental performance and fund sustainable development in rural areas. PES is primarily promoted as part of a sustainable production strategy for conserving natural resources, offsetting carbon emissions, and green supply chain management. Nevertheless, PES uptake by the private sector remains low, and few studies have analysed whether corporate‐financed PES schemes conform to this rationale. This study evaluates three of the first PES schemes in Thailand, financed by large corporations in the water utilities, aquaculture, and beverage sectors. Interviews with 39 business managers and project stakeholders suggest that PES may be viewed as a tool for philanthropy, public relations, and gaining license to operate—akin to many corporate social responsibility initiatives. Explanations and ramifications are discussed in the context of ecological uncertainty, risk management, financial performance, organisational learning, and the corporate‐engagement strategies of non‐governmental organisations.  相似文献   
80.
This paper examines the effects of inward FDI on economic growth across the Spanish regions over the period 1996–2013, paying particular attention to the ‘headquarters effect’, namely that FDI is not always registered where it is effectively made but in the region in which the firm’s headquarters is located. By estimating a panel Spatial Durbin Model to allow for the detection of spatial spillovers, two main findings are reported. First, FDI does foster economic growth. Second, only when the headquarters effect is properly addressed do spatial spillovers arise. Hence, this effect is masking the impact of regional FDI spillovers on growth, which affects the reliability of the results and, consequently, FDI policies choice. Importantly, the results are: a) robust to the way of computing the headquarters effect; b) independent of the spatial weight matrix specification; and c) confirmed when splitting FDI into different industrial and service branches.  相似文献   
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